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Valid entries and size of groups

There is a total of 394 entries in the dataset. 59 participants failed the attention check or the comprehension check. The valid number of entries is n = 335.

Cell counts (3 x 2 design):

ai_training stakes n percentage
yes_ai low 58 17.31%
yes_ai high 58 17.31%
control low 51 15.22%
control high 55 16.42%
no_ai low 58 17.31%
no_ai high 55 16.42%

By ai_training

ai_training n percentage
yes_ai 116 34.63%
control 106 31.64%
no_ai 113 33.73%

By stakes

stakes n percentage
low 167 49.85%
high 168 50.15%

Creating composites

trust

α = 0.931 95% CI [ 0.916 , 0.945 ]

✓ Composite trust created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

ability

α = 0.963 95% CI [ 0.956 , 0.97 ]

✓ Composite ability created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

benevolence

α = 0.889 95% CI [ 0.868 , 0.909 ]

✓ Composite benevolence created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

integrity

α = 0.88 95% CI [ 0.857 , 0.902 ]

✓ Composite integrity created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

autonomy

α = 0.872 95% CI [ 0.85 , 0.895 ]

✓ Composite autonomy created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

ai_attitudes

α = 0.978 95% CI [ 0.973 , 0.982 ]

✓ Composite ai_attitudes created (α meets threshold of 0.8 )

Effect of conditions on DVs (3 x 2 ANOVAs)

Comp Check 2

Single item, 0-6 scale (0 = “Not serious at all”, 6 = “Extremely serious”); manipulation check for the stakes (high/low) factor.

“On a scale of 0 to 6, where 0 = Not serious at all and 6 = Extremely serious, how serious is the medical condition referred to in the story?”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai comp_check_2 58 1.690 1.273 0.167 0.335
high yes_ai comp_check_2 58 5.172 1.028 0.135 0.270
low control comp_check_2 51 2.118 1.532 0.214 0.431
high control comp_check_2 55 5.327 1.090 0.147 0.295
low no_ai comp_check_2 58 2.224 1.351 0.177 0.355
high no_ai comp_check_2 55 5.345 0.844 0.114 0.228
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai comp_check_2 116 3.431 2.094 0.194 0.385
control comp_check_2 106 3.783 2.079 0.202 0.400
no_ai comp_check_2 113 3.743 1.931 0.182 0.360
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low comp_check_2 167 2.006 1.395 0.108 0.213
high comp_check_2 168 5.280 0.991 0.076 0.151

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: comp_check_2
##                    Sum Sq  Df  F value  Pr(>F)    
## ai_training          8.20   2   2.8295 0.06048 .  
## stakes             897.37   1 619.4389 < 2e-16 ***
## ai_training:stakes   2.03   2   0.7012 0.49674    
## Residuals          476.62 329                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.02 | [0.00, 1.00]
## stakes             |           0.65 | [0.61, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       4.24e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.13 | [0.00, Inf]
## stakes             |                1.37 | [1.25, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.07 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.109 ns 0.545 ns -0.3057 -0.68 0.05 small
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.039
0.234 ns -0.4071 -0.77 -0.01 small
low control no_ai 51 58 0.689 ns 1.000 ns -0.0740 -0.47 0.32 negligible
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.409 ns 1.000 ns -0.1463 -0.57 0.25 negligible
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.356 ns 1.000 ns -0.1835 -0.57 0.18 negligible
high control no_ai 55 55 0.924 ns 1.000 ns -0.0187 -0.37 0.39 negligible
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0 **** 0 **** -3.0093 -3.85 -2.41 large
control low high 51 55 0 **** 0 **** -2.4302 -3.32 -1.80 large
no_ai low high 58 55 0 **** 0 **** -2.7546 -3.60 -2.18 large

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: comp_check_2
##              Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)
## ai_training    8.42   2  1.0158 0.3632
## Residuals   1376.02 332               
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training | 6.08e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.08 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: comp_check_2
##           Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## stakes    897.59   1  613.95 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals 486.85 333                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Eta2 |       95% CI
## -------------------------------
## stakes    | 0.65 | [0.60, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      1.36 | [1.23, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0.199 ns 0.597 ns -0.1686 116 106 -0.44 0.11 negligible
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0.247 ns 0.597 ns -0.1550 116 113 -0.41 0.12 negligible
control no_ai 106 113 0.886 ns 0.886 ns 0.0198 106 113 -0.24 0.29 negligible
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0 **** 0 **** -2.7075 167 168 -3.19 -2.31 large

Regression (exploratory)

Trust

2-item composite, each on its own 0-6 scale.

  • comfort: “On a scale of 0 to 6, where 0 = Not comfortable at all and 6 = Very comfortable, how comfortable would you be having Dr. Smith as your doctor?”
  • confidence: “On a scale of 0 to 6, where 0 = Not confident at all and 6 = Very confident, how confident are you that Dr. Smith provides his patients with high-quality medical care?”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai trust 58 4.241 1.499 0.197 0.394
high yes_ai trust 58 3.845 1.499 0.197 0.394
low control trust 51 5.078 0.731 0.102 0.205
high control trust 55 4.709 1.003 0.135 0.271
low no_ai trust 58 5.414 0.663 0.087 0.174
high no_ai trust 55 5.318 0.790 0.106 0.214
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai trust 116 4.043 1.506 0.140 0.277
control trust 106 4.887 0.898 0.087 0.173
no_ai trust 113 5.367 0.726 0.068 0.135
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low trust 167 4.904 1.156 0.089 0.177
high trust 168 4.610 1.291 0.100 0.197

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: trust
##                    Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)    
## ai_training        102.61   2 42.6246 < 2e-16 ***
## stakes               6.87   1  5.7048 0.01748 *  
## ai_training:stakes   1.56   2  0.6486 0.52342    
## Residuals          396.01 329                    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.21 | [0.14, 1.00]
## stakes             |           0.02 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       3.93e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.51 | [0.41, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.13 | [0.04, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.06 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.0001 **** 0.0002 *** -0.6959 -1.03 -0.39 moderate
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.0114 -1.37 -0.73 large
low control no_ai 51 58 0.0972 ns 0.0972 ns -0.4822 -0.90 -0.10 small
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.0001 **** 0.0003 *** -0.6741 -1.07 -0.27 moderate
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.2204 -1.66 -0.87 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0.0059 ** 0.0118 * -0.6747 -1.11 -0.34 moderate
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.1570 ns 0.3140 ns 0.2645 -0.09 0.67 small
control low high 51 55 0.0337
0.1011 ns 0.4184 0.04 0.77 small
no_ai low high 58 55 0.4860 ns 0.4860 ns 0.1314 -0.23 0.50 negligible

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: trust
##             Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training 102.99   2  42.271 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals   404.43 332                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.20 | [0.14, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.50 | [0.41, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: trust
##           Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)  
## stakes      7.24   1  4.8218 0.02879 *
## Residuals 500.18 333                  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Eta2 |       95% CI
## -------------------------------
## stakes    | 0.01 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.12 | [0.03, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -0.6733 116 106 -0.93 -0.44 moderate
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.1156 116 113 -1.37 -0.89 large
control no_ai 106 113 0.0014 ** 0.0014 ** -0.5905 106 113 -0.89 -0.33 moderate
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.0288
0.0288 * 0.2399 167 168 0.02 0.47 small

Regression (exploratory)

Ability

3-item composite. Agree-disagree scale (0 = Strongly disagree, 6 = Strongly agree).

  • ability1: “Dr. Smith is well qualified to treat patients.”
  • ability2: “I feel confident in Dr. Smith’s clinical skills.”
  • ability3: “Dr. Smith is highly capable of performing his medical duties.”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai ability 58 4.385 1.407 0.185 0.370
high yes_ai ability 58 4.043 1.498 0.197 0.394
low control ability 51 5.163 0.675 0.094 0.190
high control ability 55 4.897 0.751 0.101 0.203
low no_ai ability 58 5.511 0.653 0.086 0.172
high no_ai ability 55 5.494 0.684 0.092 0.185
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai ability 116 4.214 1.457 0.135 0.268
control ability 106 5.025 0.724 0.070 0.139
no_ai ability 113 5.503 0.665 0.063 0.124
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low ability 167 5.014 1.093 0.085 0.167
high ability 168 4.798 1.208 0.093 0.184

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ability
##                    Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)    
## ai_training         97.03   2 46.4708 < 2e-16 ***
## stakes               3.64   1  3.4900 0.06263 .  
## ai_training:stakes   1.63   2  0.7828 0.45796    
## Residuals          343.48 329                    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.22 | [0.16, 1.00]
## stakes             |           0.01 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       4.74e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.53 | [0.43, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.10 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.07 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.0001 **** 0.0002 *** -0.6914 -1.02 -0.39 moderate
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.0271 -1.37 -0.74 large
low control no_ai 51 58 0.0681 ns 0.0681 ns -0.5251 -0.98 -0.16 moderate
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.0000 **** 0.0001 *** -0.7149 -1.08 -0.37 moderate
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.2350 -1.63 -0.91 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0.0034 ** 0.0069 ** -0.8313 -1.28 -0.42 large
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.208 ns 0.416 ns 0.2353 -0.1200 0.62 small
control low high 51 55 0.058 ns 0.174 ns 0.3726 0.0018 0.77 small
no_ai low high 58 55 0.889 ns 0.889 ns 0.0263 -0.3500 0.40 negligible

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ability
##             Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training  97.31   2  46.316 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals   348.75 332                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.22 | [0.15, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.53 | [0.43, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ability
##           Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)  
## stakes      3.92   1  2.9525 0.08667 .
## Residuals 442.14 333                  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 8.79e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -0.6955 116 106 -0.93 -0.48 moderate
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -1.1331 116 113 -1.39 -0.91 large
control no_ai 106 113 6e-04 *** 6e-04 *** -0.6882 106 113 -0.97 -0.41 moderate
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.0867 ns 0.0867 ns 0.1878 167 168 -0.05 0.4 negligible

Regression (exploratory)

Benevolence

3-item composite. Agree-disagree scale (0 = Strongly disagree, 6 = Strongly agree).

  • benevolence1: “Dr. Smith is genuinely concerned about his patients’ welfare.”
  • benevolence2: “Dr. Smith would never knowingly do anything to harm a patient.”
  • benevolence3: “Dr. Smith truly looks out for what matters most to his patients.”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai benevolence 58 4.563 1.216 0.160 0.320
high yes_ai benevolence 58 4.379 0.884 0.116 0.232
low control benevolence 51 4.595 1.018 0.143 0.286
high control benevolence 55 4.509 1.044 0.141 0.282
low no_ai benevolence 57 5.018 0.907 0.120 0.241
high no_ai benevolence 55 5.185 0.812 0.109 0.219
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai benevolence 116 4.471 1.062 0.099 0.195
control benevolence 106 4.550 1.028 0.100 0.198
no_ai benevolence 112 5.100 0.862 0.081 0.161
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low benevolence 166 4.729 1.072 0.083 0.164
high benevolence 168 4.686 0.978 0.075 0.149

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: benevolence
##                    Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training         26.27   2 13.4106 2.522e-06 ***
## stakes               0.10   1  0.1042    0.7471    
## ai_training:stakes   1.86   2  0.9479    0.3886    
## Residuals          321.20 328                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.08 | [0.03, 1.00]
## stakes             |       3.17e-04 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       5.75e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.29 | [0.19, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.02 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.08 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.8770 ns 0.9080 ns -0.0280 -0.40 0.34 negligible
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.0225
0.0900 ns NA NA NA NA
low control no_ai 51 58 0.0396
0.1188 ns NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.4540 ns 0.9080 ns -0.1345 -0.51 0.22 negligible
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -0.9480 -1.37 -0.56 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0.0002 *** 0.0008 *** -0.7226 -1.13 -0.35 moderate
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.353 ns 0.921 ns 0.173 -0.2 0.57 negligible
control low high 51 55 0.670 ns 0.921 ns 0.083 -0.3 0.48 negligible
no_ai low high 58 55 0.307 ns 0.921 ns NA NA NA NA

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: benevolence
##             Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training  26.32   2   13.48 2.356e-06 ***
## Residuals   323.16 331                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.08 | [0.03, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.29 | [0.19, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: benevolence
##           Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)
## stakes      0.16   1  0.1495 0.6993
## Residuals 349.32 332               
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 4.50e-04 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.02 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0.5520 ns 0.5520 ns -0.0756 116 106 -0.33 0.19 negligible
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -0.6485 116 112 -0.93 -0.37 moderate
control no_ai 106 113 0.0001 **** 0.0001 *** -0.5806 106 112 -0.87 -0.31 moderate
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.699 ns 0.699 ns 0.0423 166 168 -0.17 0.26 negligible

Regression (exploratory)

Integrity

3-item composite. Agree-disagree scale (0 = Strongly disagree, 6 = Strongly agree).

  • integrity1: “Dr. Smith has values I share.”
  • integrity2: “Dr. Smith’s decisions and actions are guided by sound principles.”
  • integrity3: “Dr. Smith can be counted on to be honest with his patients.”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai integrity 58 3.954 1.202 0.158 0.316
high yes_ai integrity 58 3.718 1.028 0.135 0.270
low control integrity 51 4.477 0.902 0.126 0.254
high control integrity 55 4.145 0.916 0.123 0.248
low no_ai integrity 57 4.906 0.776 0.103 0.206
high no_ai integrity 55 5.073 0.886 0.119 0.239
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai integrity 116 3.836 1.119 0.104 0.206
control integrity 106 4.305 0.920 0.089 0.177
no_ai integrity 112 4.988 0.832 0.079 0.156
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low integrity 166 4.442 1.053 0.082 0.161
high integrity 168 4.302 1.099 0.085 0.167

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: integrity
##                     Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)    
## ai_training         76.085   2 40.9648 <2e-16 ***
## stakes               1.438   1  1.5486 0.2142    
## ai_training:stakes   3.857   2  2.0767 0.1270    
## Residuals          304.603 328                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.20 | [0.14, 1.00]
## stakes             |       4.70e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |           0.01 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.50 | [0.40, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.07 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.11 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.0061 ** 0.0183 * -0.4878 -0.89 -0.15 small
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** NA NA NA NA
low control no_ai 51 58 0.0244
0.0352 * NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.0176
0.0352 * -0.4381 -0.81 -0.09 small
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.4090 -1.92 -0.98 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0.0000 **** 0.0000 **** -1.0293 -1.54 -0.62 large
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.2590 ns 0.5180 ns 0.2108 -0.1600 0.59 small
control low high 51 55 0.0634 ns 0.1902 ns 0.3647 -0.0018 0.76 small
no_ai low high 58 55 0.2920 ns 0.5180 ns NA NA NA NA

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: integrity
##              Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training  76.288   2  40.741 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals   309.898 331                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.20 | [0.14, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.50 | [0.40, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: integrity
##           Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)
## stakes      1.64   1  1.4165 0.2348
## Residuals 384.55 332               
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 4.25e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.07 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 4e-04 *** 4e-04 *** -0.4555 116 106 -0.74 -0.21 small
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -1.1649 116 112 -1.49 -0.91 large
control no_ai 106 113 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -0.7797 106 112 -1.10 -0.51 moderate
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.235 ns 0.235 ns 0.1303 166 168 -0.08 0.34 negligible

Regression (exploratory)

Autonomy

3-item composite. Agree-disagree scale (0 = Strongly disagree, 6 = Strongly agree).

  • autonomy1: “Dr. Smith exercises independent judgment in his clinical decisions.”
  • autonomy2: “Dr. Smith takes personal responsibility for the consequences of his decisions.”
  • autonomy3: “Dr. Smith forms his own opinion rather than simply deferring to what a computer-based tool or algorithm recommends.”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai autonomy 58 3.649 1.407 0.185 0.370
high yes_ai autonomy 58 3.213 1.213 0.159 0.319
low control autonomy 51 4.418 0.961 0.135 0.270
high control autonomy 55 4.218 0.939 0.127 0.254
low no_ai autonomy 57 5.234 0.661 0.087 0.175
high no_ai autonomy 55 5.358 0.714 0.096 0.193
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai autonomy 116 3.431 1.326 0.123 0.244
control autonomy 106 4.314 0.950 0.092 0.183
no_ai autonomy 112 5.295 0.687 0.065 0.129
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low autonomy 166 4.430 1.245 0.097 0.191
high autonomy 168 4.244 1.315 0.101 0.200

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: autonomy
##                    Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)    
## ai_training        197.62   2 94.6409 <2e-16 ***
## stakes               2.52   1  2.4134 0.1213    
## ai_training:stakes   4.50   2  2.1554 0.1175    
## Residuals          342.44 328                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.37 | [0.30, 1.00]
## stakes             |       7.30e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |           0.01 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.76 | [0.65, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.11 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 2e-04 *** 2e-04 *** -0.6308 -1.01 -0.27 moderate
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** NA NA NA NA
low control no_ai 51 58 1e-04 **** 2e-04 *** NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai control 58 55 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -0.9237 -1.35 -0.53 large
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -2.1405 -2.75 -1.70 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0e+00 **** 0e+00 **** -1.3661 -1.88 -0.97 large
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.076 ns 0.228 ns 0.3325 -0.03 0.72 small
control low high 51 55 0.281 ns 0.562 ns 0.2107 -0.21 0.63 small
no_ai low high 58 55 0.343 ns 0.562 ns NA NA NA NA

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: autonomy
##             Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training 197.98   2  93.758 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals   349.47 331                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.36 | [0.30, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.75 | [0.65, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: autonomy
##           Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)
## stakes      2.88   1  1.7549 0.1862
## Residuals 544.56 332               
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 5.26e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.07 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0 **** 0 **** -0.7602 116 106 -1.02 -0.51 moderate
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0 **** 0 **** -1.7558 116 112 -2.11 -1.47 large
control no_ai 106 113 0 **** 0 **** -1.1872 106 112 -1.53 -0.90 large
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.186 ns 0.186 ns 0.145 166 168 -0.05 0.37 negligible

Regression (exploratory)

Ai Use

Single item. Agree-disagree scale (0 = Strongly disagree, 6 = Strongly agree).

“Dr. Smith often uses computer-based diagnostic tools in his medical practice.”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai ai_use 55 4.636 1.253 0.169 0.339
high yes_ai ai_use 58 4.983 0.868 0.114 0.228
low control ai_use 50 3.180 0.983 0.139 0.279
high control ai_use 54 3.093 0.937 0.128 0.256
low no_ai ai_use 57 1.439 1.488 0.197 0.395
high no_ai ai_use 55 1.836 1.630 0.220 0.441
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai ai_use 113 4.814 1.082 0.102 0.202
control ai_use 104 3.135 0.956 0.094 0.186
no_ai ai_use 112 1.634 1.565 0.148 0.293
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low ai_use 162 3.062 1.837 0.144 0.285
high ai_use 167 3.335 1.765 0.137 0.270

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_use
##                    Sum Sq  Df  F value  Pr(>F)    
## ai_training        567.63   2 187.3961 < 2e-16 ***
## stakes               4.23   1   2.7925 0.09567 .  
## ai_training:stakes   3.79   2   1.2496 0.28801    
## Residuals          489.19 323                     
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.54 | [0.48, 1.00]
## stakes             |       8.57e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       7.68e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                1.08 | [0.96, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0 **** 0 **** NA NA NA NA
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0 **** 0 **** NA NA NA NA
low control no_ai 51 58 0 **** 0 **** NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai control 58 55 0 **** 0 **** NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0 **** 0 **** 2.4273 1.9 3.21 large
high control no_ai 55 55 0 **** 0 **** NA NA NA NA
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.089 ns 0.267 ns NA NA NA NA
control low high 51 55 0.644 ns 0.644 ns NA NA NA NA
no_ai low high 58 55 0.180 ns 0.360 ns NA NA NA NA

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_use
##             Sum Sq  Df F value    Pr(>F)    
## ai_training 569.56   2  186.72 < 2.2e-16 ***
## Residuals   497.20 326                      
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.53 | [0.48, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      1.07 | [0.95, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_use
##            Sum Sq  Df F value Pr(>F)
## stakes       6.16   1  1.8979 0.1693
## Residuals 1060.60 327               
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 5.77e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.08 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0 **** 0 **** 1.6410 113 104 1.27 2.09 large
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0 **** 0 **** 2.3654 113 112 1.94 2.95 large
control no_ai 106 113 0 **** 0 **** 1.1473 104 112 0.81 1.58 large
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.169 ns 0.169 ns -0.1519 162 167 -0.37 0.06 negligible

Regression (exploratory)

Ai Attitudes

2-item composite (pre-existing individual-difference measure, not an outcome of the manipulation), each on its own 0-6 scale.

  • ai_attitude: “On a scale of 0 to 6, where 0 = Strongly against, 6 = Strongly in favor, what is your attitude towards the use of AI tools in the training of doctors?”
  • ai_feeling: “On a scale of 0 to 6, where 0 = Very negative, 6 = Very positive, how do you feel about the use of AI tools in the training of doctors?”

Summary

Both factors
stakes ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
low yes_ai ai_attitudes 57 3.518 1.623 0.215 0.431
high yes_ai ai_attitudes 58 3.078 1.910 0.251 0.502
low control ai_attitudes 50 3.330 1.683 0.238 0.478
high control ai_attitudes 54 3.157 1.526 0.208 0.417
low no_ai ai_attitudes 57 2.947 1.718 0.228 0.456
high no_ai ai_attitudes 55 2.636 1.473 0.199 0.398
By ai_training
ai_training variable n mean sd se ci
yes_ai ai_attitudes 115 3.296 1.779 0.166 0.329
control ai_attitudes 104 3.240 1.598 0.157 0.311
no_ai ai_attitudes 112 2.795 1.603 0.151 0.300
By stakes
stakes variable n mean sd se ci
low ai_attitudes 164 3.262 1.682 0.131 0.259
high ai_attitudes 167 2.958 1.660 0.128 0.254

Two-Way ANOVA

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_attitudes
##                    Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)  
## ai_training         17.29   2  3.1207 0.04545 *
## stakes               8.07   1  2.9136 0.08879 .
## ai_training:stakes   0.98   2  0.1761 0.83865  
## Residuals          900.17 325                  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Eta2 (partial) |       95% CI
## --------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |           0.02 | [0.00, 1.00]
## stakes             |       8.89e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## ai_training:stakes |       1.08e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA (Type II)
## 
## Parameter          | Cohen's f (partial) |      95% CI
## ------------------------------------------------------
## ai_training        |                0.14 | [0.01, Inf]
## stakes             |                0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## ai_training:stakes |                0.03 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots Two-Way

stakes group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low yes_ai control 58 51 0.564 ns 1.000 ns NA NA NA NA
low yes_ai no_ai 58 58 0.071 ns 0.426 ns NA NA NA NA
low control no_ai 51 58 0.240 ns 0.720 ns NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai control 58 55 0.799 ns 1.000 ns NA NA NA NA
high yes_ai no_ai 58 55 0.158 ns 0.632 ns 0.2578 -0.13 0.65 small
high control no_ai 55 55 0.102 ns 0.510 ns NA NA NA NA
ai_training group1 group2 n1 n2 p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai low high 58 58 0.186 ns 0.558 ns NA NA NA NA
control low high 51 55 0.585 ns 0.614 ns NA NA NA NA
no_ai low high 58 55 0.307 ns 0.614 ns NA NA NA NA

One-Way ANOVAs

## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_attitudes
##             Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)  
## ai_training  16.87   2  3.0429 0.04905 *
## Residuals   909.21 328                  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Eta2 |       95% CI
## ---------------------------------
## ai_training | 0.02 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter   | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -------------------------------------
## ai_training |      0.14 | [0.01, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].
## $output1
## Anova Table (Type II tests)
## 
## Response: ai_attitudes
##           Sum Sq  Df F value  Pr(>F)  
## stakes      7.65   1  2.7412 0.09874 .
## Residuals 918.43 329                  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## $output2
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter |     Eta2 |       95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    | 8.26e-03 | [0.00, 1.00]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [1.00].
## $output3
## # Effect Size for ANOVA
## 
## Parameter | Cohen's f |      95% CI
## -----------------------------------
## stakes    |      0.09 | [0.00, Inf]
## 
## - One-sided CIs: upper bound fixed at [Inf].

Plots One-Way

group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
yes_ai control 116 106 0.8060 ns 0.8060 ns 0.0326 115 104 -0.2500 0.29 negligible
yes_ai no_ai 116 113 0.0241
0.0723 ns 0.2956 115 112 0.0400 0.56 small
control no_ai 106 113 0.0501 ns 0.1002 ns 0.2785 104 112 0.0058 0.56 small
group1 group2 n1.x n2.x p p.signif p.adj p.adj.signif effsize n1.y n2.y conf.low conf.high Cohens’ d
low high 167 168 0.0987 ns 0.0987 ns 0.182 164 167 -0.05 0.4 negligible

Regression (exploratory)