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## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##  
## PROCESS is now ready for use.
## Copyright 2022 by Andrew F. Hayes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
## Workshop schedule at http://haskayne.ucalgary.ca/CCRAM
## 

Direct Effect

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = punishment ~ econ_sec_1, data = df)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -5.6471 -2.6471 -0.2302  2.3529  4.7698 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   5.2302     0.2633  19.861   <2e-16 ***
## econ_sec_1    0.4168     0.3745   1.113    0.267    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 3.105 on 273 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.004518,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.0008717 
## F-statistic: 1.239 on 1 and 273 DF,  p-value: 0.2666

SES

Process Report

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> SES -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : SES       
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SES
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7124     0.5076     1.4703   281.3962     1.0000   273.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       2.0504     0.1028    19.9357     0.0000     1.8479     2.2528
## econ_sec_1     2.4533     0.1462    16.7749     0.0000     2.1654     2.7412
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0859     0.0074     9.6476     1.0105     2.0000   272.0000     0.3654
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       4.9489     0.4129    11.9871     0.0000     4.1361     5.7617
## econ_sec_1     0.0803     0.5339     0.1504     0.8806    -0.9707     1.1313
## SES            0.1372     0.1550     0.8849     0.3770    -0.1680     0.4424
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.0803     0.5339     0.1504     0.8806    -0.9707     1.1313
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##         Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## SES     0.3366     0.4131    -0.4548     1.1745
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##         Effect         se          Z          p
## SES     0.3366     0.3815     0.8821     0.3777
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

SEImpairment

Process Report

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> SEImpairment -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                     
## Model : 4           
##     Y : punishment  
##     X : econ_sec_1  
##     M : SEImpairment
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SEImpairment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0249     0.0006     3.0290     0.1699     1.0000   273.0000     0.6805
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.0054     0.1476    20.3592     0.0000     2.7148     3.2960
## econ_sec_1     0.0865     0.2099     0.4122     0.6805    -0.3267     0.4998
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1079     0.0116     9.6061     1.6015     2.0000   272.0000     0.2035
## 
## Model: 
##                   coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant         5.6837     0.4172    13.6241     0.0000     4.8623     6.5050
## econ_sec_1       0.4299     0.3739     1.1496     0.2513    -0.3063     1.1661
## SEImpairment    -0.1509     0.1078    -1.3998     0.1627    -0.3631     0.0613
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4299     0.3739     1.1496     0.2513    -0.3063     1.1661
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##                  Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## SEImpairment    -0.0131     0.0410    -0.1132     0.0616
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##                  Effect         se          Z          p
## SEImpairment    -0.0131     0.0400    -0.3261     0.7443
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

Surprise

Process Report

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> surprise -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : surprise  
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: surprise
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0363     0.0013     4.5766     0.3594     1.0000   273.0000     0.5494
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.3453     0.1815    18.4362     0.0000     2.9881     3.7026
## econ_sec_1     0.1547     0.2580     0.5995     0.5494    -0.3533     0.6626
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0696     0.0048     9.6721     0.6627     2.0000   272.0000     0.5163
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.3187     0.3952    13.4568     0.0000     4.5406     6.0968
## econ_sec_1     0.4209     0.3753     1.1214     0.2631    -0.3180     1.1599
## surprise      -0.0265     0.0880    -0.3006     0.7639    -0.1997     0.1468
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4209     0.3753     1.1214     0.2631    -0.3180     1.1599
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##              Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## surprise    -0.0041     0.0285    -0.0699     0.0540
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##              Effect         se          Z          p
## surprise    -0.0041     0.0273    -0.1497     0.8810
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

Sympathy

Process Report

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> sympathy -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : sympathy  
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: sympathy
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1631     0.0266     2.8816     7.4610     1.0000   273.0000     0.0067
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       2.6475     0.1440    18.3876     0.0000     2.3640     2.9309
## econ_sec_1    -0.5592     0.2047    -2.7315     0.0067    -0.9623    -0.1562
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3447     0.1188     8.5647    18.3327     2.0000   272.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       6.8708     0.3714    18.5004     0.0000     6.1397     7.6020
## econ_sec_1     0.0703     0.3578     0.1965     0.8444    -0.6341     0.7746
## sympathy      -0.6197     0.1043    -5.9389     0.0000    -0.8251    -0.4143
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.0703     0.3578     0.1965     0.8444    -0.6341     0.7746
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##              Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## sympathy     0.3466     0.1410     0.0906     0.6402
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##              Effect         se          Z          p
## sympathy     0.3466     0.1413     2.4531     0.0142
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

Moral self-expression

Process Report

SE1, SE2

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> SE -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : SE        
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SE
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1485     0.0221     1.7247     6.1562     1.0000   273.0000     0.0137
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.8165     0.1114    34.2624     0.0000     3.5973     4.0358
## econ_sec_1     0.3930     0.1584     2.4812     0.0137     0.0812     0.7048
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3287     0.1080     8.6694    16.4692     2.0000   272.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       2.3209     0.5749     4.0366     0.0001     1.1889     3.4528
## econ_sec_1     0.1172     0.3591     0.3265     0.7443    -0.5897     0.8242
## SE             0.7623     0.1357     5.6179     0.0000     0.4952     1.0294
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.1172     0.3591     0.3265     0.7443    -0.5897     0.8242
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## SE     0.2996     0.1294     0.0654     0.5745
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## SE     0.2996     0.1337     2.2402     0.0251
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

Moral self-formative control

Process Report

SFC1, SFC2, SFC3, SFC4

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> SFC -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : SFC       
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SFC
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0998     0.0100     1.4199     2.7437     1.0000   273.0000     0.0988
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.7086     0.1011    36.6941     0.0000     3.5097     3.9076
## econ_sec_1     0.2381     0.1437     1.6564     0.0988    -0.0449     0.5210
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2572     0.0661     9.0765     9.6302     2.0000   272.0000     0.0001
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       2.8262     0.6224     4.5410     0.0000     1.6009     4.0515
## econ_sec_1     0.2625     0.3652     0.7189     0.4728    -0.4564     0.9815
## SFC            0.6482     0.1530     4.2361     0.0000     0.3470     0.9495
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.2625     0.3652     0.7189     0.4728    -0.4564     0.9815
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##         Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## SFC     0.1543     0.1017    -0.0280     0.3755
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##         Effect         se          Z          p
## SFC     0.1543     0.1024     1.5067     0.1319
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

upbringing

Process Report

SE3

Mediation analysis: econ_sec -> upbringing -> punishment

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##     M : upbringing
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: upbringing
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1451     0.0211     3.5403     5.8723     1.0000   273.0000     0.0160
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.4029     0.1596    21.3223     0.0000     3.0887     3.7171
## econ_sec_1    -0.5499     0.2269    -2.4233     0.0160    -0.9967    -0.1032
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1354     0.0183     9.5410     2.5414     2.0000   272.0000     0.0806
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.8920     0.4277    13.7751     0.0000     5.0499     6.7340
## econ_sec_1     0.3099     0.3765     0.8230     0.4112    -0.4314     1.0512
## upbringing    -0.1945     0.0994    -1.9573     0.0513    -0.3901     0.0011
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.3099     0.3765     0.8230     0.4112    -0.4314     1.0512
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##                Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## upbringing     0.1069     0.0706    -0.0055     0.2671
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##                Effect         se          Z          p
## upbringing     0.1069     0.0738     1.4498     0.1471
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

Plot

parallel

  • sympathy
  • SE
## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                   
## Model : 4         
##     Y : punishment
##     X : econ_sec_1
##    M1 : sympathy  
##    M2 : SE        
## 
## Sample size: 275
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: sympathy
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1631     0.0266     2.8816     7.4610     1.0000   273.0000     0.0067
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       2.6475     0.1440    18.3876     0.0000     2.3640     2.9309
## econ_sec_1    -0.5592     0.2047    -2.7315     0.0067    -0.9623    -0.1562
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SE
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1485     0.0221     1.7247     6.1562     1.0000   273.0000     0.0137
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       3.8165     0.1114    34.2624     0.0000     3.5973     4.0358
## econ_sec_1     0.3930     0.1584     2.4812     0.0137     0.0812     0.7048
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3921     0.1537     8.2554    16.4107     3.0000   271.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       4.4945     0.7984     5.6293     0.0000     2.9226     6.0664
## econ_sec_1    -0.0264     0.3524    -0.0748     0.9405    -0.7202     0.6675
## sympathy      -0.4417     0.1154    -3.8264     0.0002    -0.6690    -0.2144
## SE             0.4992     0.1492     3.3455     0.0009     0.2054     0.7929
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: punishment
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0672     0.0045     9.6399     1.2391     1.0000   273.0000     0.2666
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       5.2302     0.2633    19.8605     0.0000     4.7118     5.7487
## econ_sec_1     0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Total effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##       0.4168     0.3745     1.1131     0.2666    -0.3204     1.1541
## 
## Direct effect of X on Y:
##       effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
##      -0.0264     0.3524    -0.0748     0.9405    -0.7202     0.6675
## 
## Indirect effect(s) of X on Y:
##              Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## TOTAL        0.4432     0.1624     0.1395     0.7728
## sympathy     0.2470     0.1112     0.0575     0.4875
## SE           0.1962     0.0976     0.0333     0.4137
## 
## Normal theory test for indirect effect(s):
##              Effect         se          Z          p
## sympathy     0.2470     0.1136     2.1745     0.0297
## SE           0.1962     0.1012     1.9378     0.0526
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000