Back to Index

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##  
## PROCESS is now ready for use.
## Copyright 2022 by Andrew F. Hayes ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
## Workshop schedule at http://haskayne.ucalgary.ca/CCRAM
## 

Direct Effect

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = blame ~ ses_origin_, data = df)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -4.2807 -0.2807  0.1976  0.9585  1.7193 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)   4.2807     0.1495   28.63  < 2e-16 ***
## ses_origin_   0.7608     0.1178    6.46 1.29e-09 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 1.178 on 155 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.2121, Adjusted R-squared:  0.207 
## F-statistic: 41.73 on 1 and 155 DF,  p-value: 1.286e-09

surprise

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> surprise -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : surprise   
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: surprise
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5789     0.3351     2.6027    38.8042     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     1.6078     0.2259     7.1174     0.0000     1.1616     2.0541
## X1           2.3746     0.3110     7.6365     0.0000     1.7603     2.9889
## X2           2.4738     0.3227     7.6654     0.0000     1.8363     3.1113
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5220     0.2725     1.2974    19.1007     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.9035     0.1839    21.2303     0.0000     3.5403     4.2668
## X1           1.0667     0.2578     4.1381     0.0001     0.5575     1.5760
## X2           1.2443     0.2678     4.6461     0.0000     0.7152     1.7734
## surprise     0.1088     0.0569     1.9122     0.0577    -0.0036     0.2212
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.0667     0.2578     4.1381     0.0001     0.5575     1.5760
## X2     1.2443     0.2678     4.6461     0.0000     0.7152     1.7734
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1133    11.9158     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    surprise    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.2583     0.1367     0.0186     0.5597
## X2     0.2691     0.1493     0.0187     0.6058
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.2583     0.1404     1.8401     0.0657
## X2     0.2691     0.1462     1.8406     0.0657
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

sympathy

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> sympathy -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : sympathy   
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: sympathy
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7045     0.4964     2.1653    75.8857     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.7255     0.2061    22.9334     0.0000     4.3184     5.1325
## X1          -2.5501     0.2836    -8.9907     0.0000    -3.1104    -1.9897
## X2          -3.4806     0.2944   -11.8242     0.0000    -4.0621    -2.8991
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.6471     0.4188     1.0365    36.7472     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     5.8078     0.2995    19.3886     0.0000     5.2161     6.3996
## X1           0.3918     0.2423     1.6170     0.1079    -0.0869     0.8705
## X2           0.2396     0.2813     0.8518     0.3957    -0.3161     0.7953
## sympathy    -0.3660     0.0558    -6.5644     0.0000    -0.4761    -0.2558
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.3918     0.2423     1.6170     0.1079    -0.0869     0.8705
## X2     0.2396     0.2813     0.8518     0.3957    -0.3161     0.7953
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0105     1.3874     2.0000   153.0000     0.2528
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    sympathy    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.9333     0.1809     0.6040     1.3173
## X2     1.2738     0.1987     0.8960     1.6752
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.9333     0.1767     5.2804     0.0000
## X2     1.2738     0.2226     5.7237     0.0000
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

character

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> character -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : character  
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: character
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3723     0.1386     1.1775    12.3915     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.1961     0.1520    21.0337     0.0000     2.8959     3.4963
## X1          -0.4241     0.2092    -2.0279     0.0443    -0.8373    -0.0110
## X2          -1.0736     0.2171    -4.9460     0.0000    -1.5025    -0.6448
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5426     0.2944     1.2583    21.2766     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant      4.8555     0.3091    15.7076     0.0000     4.2448     5.4662
## X1            1.2220     0.2191     5.5776     0.0000     0.7891     1.6548
## X2            1.2524     0.2416     5.1845     0.0000     0.7751     1.7296
## character    -0.2431     0.0833    -2.9187     0.0040    -0.4077    -0.0786
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.2220     0.2191     5.5776     0.0000     0.7891     1.6548
## X2     1.2524     0.2416     5.1845     0.0000     0.7751     1.7296
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1758    19.0573     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    character    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.1031     0.0604     0.0055     0.2394
## X2     0.2610     0.1070     0.0694     0.4851
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.1031     0.0643     1.6031     0.1089
## X2     0.2610     0.1054     2.4764     0.0133
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

wrongness

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> wrongness -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : wrongness  
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: wrongness
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3528     0.1244     1.6904    10.9435     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.1176     0.1821    22.6175     0.0000     3.7580     4.4773
## X1           0.7069     0.2506     2.8209     0.0054     0.2119     1.2020
## X2           1.2089     0.2601     4.6481     0.0000     0.6951     1.7227
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7024     0.4934     0.9034    49.6676     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant      2.0206     0.2767     7.3027     0.0000     1.4740     2.5672
## X1            0.9718     0.1879     5.1724     0.0000     0.6006     1.3430
## X2            0.9093     0.2030     4.4783     0.0000     0.5081     1.3104
## wrongness     0.4998     0.0589     8.4832     0.0000     0.3834     0.6161
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.9718     0.1879     5.1724     0.0000     0.6006     1.3430
## X2     0.9093     0.2030     4.4783     0.0000     0.5081     1.3104
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1017    15.3617     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    wrongness    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.3533     0.1571     0.0746     0.6896
## X2     0.6042     0.1791     0.2859     0.9812
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.3533     0.1328     2.6602     0.0078
## X2     0.6042     0.1490     4.0547     0.0001
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

justification

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> justification -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                      
## Model : 4            
##     Y : blame        
##     X : ses_origin_  
##     M : justification
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: justification
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5062     0.2562     2.1186    26.5220     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.3725     0.2038    11.6407     0.0000     1.9699     2.7752
## X1          -1.4076     0.2806    -5.0174     0.0000    -1.9619    -0.8534
## X2          -2.0664     0.2912    -7.0971     0.0000    -2.6416    -1.4912
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7934     0.6295     0.6607    86.6495     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                    coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant          5.4060     0.1561    34.6407     0.0000     5.0977     5.7143
## X1                0.5374     0.1690     3.1801     0.0018     0.2036     0.8713
## X2                0.3571     0.1873     1.9065     0.0585    -0.0129     0.7272
## justification    -0.5596     0.0450   -12.4342     0.0000    -0.6485    -0.4707
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.5374     0.1690     3.1801     0.0018     0.2036     0.8713
## X2     0.3571     0.1873     1.9065     0.0585    -0.0129     0.7272
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0245     5.0567     2.0000   153.0000     0.0075
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    justification    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.7877     0.2266     0.3751     1.2600
## X2     1.1563     0.2107     0.7711     1.5945
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.7877     0.1698     4.6400     0.0000
## X2     1.1563     0.1881     6.1488     0.0000
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

reasons

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> reasons -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : reasons    
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: reasons
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.6446     0.4155     2.1656    54.7331     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.3922     0.2061    16.4614     0.0000     2.9851     3.7992
## X1          -2.4623     0.2836    -8.6809     0.0000    -3.0227    -1.9020
## X2          -2.7799     0.2944    -9.4432     0.0000    -3.3615    -2.1984
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7585     0.5753     0.7573    69.0978     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     5.8147     0.2024    28.7254     0.0000     5.4148     6.2146
## X1           0.0647     0.2047     0.3161     0.7523    -0.3397     0.4691
## X2           0.0905     0.2187     0.4136     0.6797    -0.3417     0.5226
## reasons     -0.5119     0.0477   -10.7418     0.0000    -0.6060    -0.4177
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.0647     0.2047     0.3161     0.7523    -0.3397     0.4691
## X2     0.0905     0.2187     0.4136     0.6797    -0.3417     0.5226
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0005     0.0867     2.0000   153.0000     0.9170
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    reasons    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     1.2604     0.2352     0.8394     1.7490
## X2     1.4229     0.2262     1.0141     1.8888
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     1.2604     0.1872     6.7341     0.0000
## X2     1.4229     0.2011     7.0750     0.0000
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

justreasons

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> justreasons -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : justreasons
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: justreasons
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.6045     0.3654     1.8835    44.3405     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.8824     0.1922    14.9987     0.0000     2.5027     3.2620
## X1          -1.9350     0.2645    -7.3149     0.0000    -2.4576    -1.4124
## X2          -2.4232     0.2745    -8.8265     0.0000    -2.9655    -1.8808
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.8058     0.6493     0.6253    94.4370     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                  coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant        5.8337     0.1737    33.5843     0.0000     5.4905     6.1769
## X1              0.1467     0.1769     0.8293     0.4082    -0.2028     0.4963
## X2              0.0378     0.1941     0.1945     0.8460    -0.3457     0.4213
## justreasons    -0.6090     0.0464   -13.1154     0.0000    -0.7007    -0.5172
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.1467     0.1769     0.8293     0.4082    -0.2028     0.4963
## X2     0.0378     0.1941     0.1945     0.8460    -0.3457     0.4213
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0021     0.4476     2.0000   153.0000     0.6400
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    justreasons    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     1.1784     0.2562     0.7228     1.7226
## X2     1.4756     0.2387     1.0456     1.9755
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     1.1784     0.1849     6.3743     0.0000
## X2     1.4756     0.2019     7.3080     0.0000
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

guilt

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> guilt -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : guilt      
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: guilt
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3302     0.1090     1.9133     9.4208     2.0000   154.0000     0.0001
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.7451     0.1937    19.3355     0.0000     3.3625     4.1277
## X1          -0.6925     0.2666    -2.5973     0.0103    -1.2192    -0.1658
## X2          -1.1941     0.2767    -4.3154     0.0000    -1.7407    -0.6475
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5236     0.2742     1.2943    19.2647     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.5763     0.2949    15.5158     0.0000     3.9936     5.1590
## X1           1.2330     0.2240     5.5036     0.0000     0.7904     1.6756
## X2           1.3547     0.2410     5.6221     0.0000     0.8786     1.8307
## guilt       -0.1329     0.0663    -2.0058     0.0466    -0.2639    -0.0020
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.2330     0.2240     5.5036     0.0000     0.7904     1.6756
## X2     1.3547     0.2410     5.6221     0.0000     0.8786     1.8307
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1910    20.1357     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    guilt    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0921     0.0559     0.0071     0.2221
## X2     0.1587     0.0824     0.0162     0.3349
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0921     0.0606     1.5185     0.1289
## X2     0.1587     0.0892     1.7800     0.0751
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

emo_sup

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> emo_sup -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : emo_sup    
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: emo_sup
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3557     0.1265     1.6623    11.1505     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.8627     0.1805    15.8566     0.0000     2.5061     3.2194
## X1           1.1373     0.2485     4.5763     0.0000     0.6463     1.6282
## X2           0.3413     0.2579     1.3235     0.1876    -0.1682     0.8508
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5052     0.2553     1.3280    17.4818     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0378     0.2618    15.4216     0.0000     3.5206     4.5551
## X1           1.3089     0.2367     5.5289     0.0000     0.8412     1.7767
## X2           1.5086     0.2318     6.5071     0.0000     1.0506     1.9666
## emo_sup      0.0142     0.0720     0.1969     0.8442    -0.1281     0.1565
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3089     0.2367     5.5289     0.0000     0.8412     1.7767
## X2     1.5086     0.2318     6.5071     0.0000     1.0506     1.9666
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2381    24.4556     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    emo_sup    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0161     0.0772    -0.1439     0.1650
## X2     0.0048     0.0283    -0.0640     0.0583
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0161     0.0839     0.1922     0.8476
## X2     0.0048     0.0310     0.1560     0.8760
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

abuse

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> abuse -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : abuse      
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: abuse
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3725     0.1387     2.1929    12.4044     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.4118     0.2074    16.4535     0.0000     3.0021     3.8214
## X1          -1.4118     0.2854    -4.9462     0.0000    -1.9756    -0.8479
## X2          -0.5954     0.2962    -2.0101     0.0462    -1.1806    -0.0102
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5490     0.3014     1.2458    22.0028     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.7384     0.2596    18.2557     0.0000     4.2256     5.2511
## X1           1.0520     0.2316     4.5424     0.0000     0.5945     1.5095
## X2           1.3982     0.2262     6.1818     0.0000     0.9514     1.8451
## abuse       -0.1934     0.0607    -3.1846     0.0018    -0.3134    -0.0734
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.0520     0.2316     4.5424     0.0000     0.5945     1.5095
## X2     1.3982     0.2262     6.1818     0.0000     0.9514     1.8451
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1850    20.2635     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    abuse    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.2731     0.1054     0.0978     0.5088
## X2     0.1152     0.0670     0.0055     0.2669
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.2731     0.1034     2.6398     0.0083
## X2     0.1152     0.0701     1.6429     0.1004
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

SFC

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> SFC -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : SFC        
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SFC
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3097     0.0959     1.9159     8.1691     2.0000   154.0000     0.0004
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.1961     0.1938    16.4897     0.0000     2.8132     3.5790
## X1           1.0320     0.2668     3.8681     0.0002     0.5049     1.5590
## X2           0.8243     0.2769     2.9771     0.0034     0.2773     1.3713
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.6106     0.3729     1.1183    30.3241     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.0236     0.2463    12.2780     0.0000     2.5371     3.5101
## X1           0.9845     0.2135     4.6111     0.0000     0.5627     1.4063
## X2           1.2413     0.2175     5.7061     0.0000     0.8116     1.6711
## SFC          0.3300     0.0616     5.3608     0.0000     0.2084     0.4517
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     0.9845     0.2135     4.6111     0.0000     0.5627     1.4063
## X2     1.2413     0.2175     5.7061     0.0000     0.8116     1.6711
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1469    17.9167     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    SFC    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.3406     0.1124     0.1483     0.5888
## X2     0.2721     0.1205     0.0672     0.5418
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.3406     0.1098     3.1015     0.0019
## X2     0.2721     0.1059     2.5687     0.0102
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

SE

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> SE -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : SE         
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SE
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3189     0.1017     1.6446     8.7161     2.0000   154.0000     0.0003
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.5294     0.1796    14.0856     0.0000     2.1747     2.8842
## X1           0.7162     0.2472     2.8975     0.0043     0.2279     1.2045
## X2           1.0420     0.2565     4.0619     0.0001     0.5352     1.5488
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5990     0.3588     1.1434    28.5401     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.2329     0.2265    14.2730     0.0000     2.7854     3.6804
## X1           1.0857     0.2116     5.1296     0.0000     0.6675     1.5038
## X2           1.1651     0.2251     5.1765     0.0000     0.7204     1.6097
## SE           0.3343     0.0672     4.9750     0.0000     0.2015     0.4670
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.0857     0.2116     5.1296     0.0000     0.6675     1.5038
## X2     1.1651     0.2251     5.1765     0.0000     0.7204     1.6097
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.1444    17.2285     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    SE    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.2394     0.0943     0.0762     0.4426
## X2     0.3483     0.1201     0.1435     0.6098
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.2394     0.0971     2.4668     0.0136
## X2     0.3483     0.1120     3.1089     0.0019
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

upbringing

Mediation analysis: ses_origin_ -> upbringing -> blame

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##     M : upbringing 
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: upbringing
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3528     0.1245     1.8339    10.9492     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.3333     0.1896    22.8520     0.0000     3.9587     4.7079
## X1          -1.1930     0.2610    -4.5705     0.0000    -1.7086    -0.6773
## X2          -0.8639     0.2709    -3.1892     0.0017    -1.3991    -0.3288
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3284    17.4645     3.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                 coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant       4.0811     0.3382    12.0676     0.0000     3.4130     4.7492
## X1             1.3243     0.2367     5.5941     0.0000     0.8566     1.7920
## X2             1.5129     0.2380     6.3553     0.0000     1.0426     1.9832
## upbringing    -0.0006     0.0686    -0.0090     0.9929    -0.1361     0.1349
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3243     0.2367     5.5941     0.0000     0.8566     1.7920
## X2     1.5129     0.2380     6.3553     0.0000     1.0426     1.9832
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2276    23.3776     2.0000   153.0000     0.0000
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    upbringing    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0007     0.0777    -0.1430     0.1645
## X2     0.0005     0.0568    -0.1124     0.1190
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0007     0.0838     0.0088     0.9930
## X2     0.0005     0.0621     0.0086     0.9932
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000

parallel mediation

Mediators in parallel:

  • surprise
  • sympathy
  • character
  • wrongness
  • justreasons
  • guilt
  • abuse
  • SFC
  • SE

(Not emo_sup, upbringing)

## 
## ********************* PROCESS for R Version 4.1.1 ********************* 
##  
##            Written by Andrew F. Hayes, Ph.D.  www.afhayes.com              
##    Documentation available in Hayes (2022). www.guilford.com/p/hayes3   
##  
## *********************************************************************** 
##                    
## Model : 4          
##     Y : blame      
##     X : ses_origin_
##    M1 : surprise   
##    M2 : sympathy   
##    M3 : character  
##    M4 : wrongness  
##    M5 : justreasons
##    M6 : guilt      
##    M7 : abuse      
##    M8 : SFC        
##    M9 : SE         
## 
## Sample size: 157
## 
## Custom seed: 1234
## 
## Coding of categorical X variable for analysis: 
##   ses_origin_         X1         X2
##        0.0000     0.0000     0.0000
##        1.0000     1.0000     0.0000
##        2.0000     0.0000     1.0000
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: surprise
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5789     0.3351     2.6027    38.8042     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     1.6078     0.2259     7.1174     0.0000     1.1616     2.0541
## X1           2.3746     0.3110     7.6365     0.0000     1.7603     2.9889
## X2           2.4738     0.3227     7.6654     0.0000     1.8363     3.1113
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: sympathy
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.7045     0.4964     2.1653    75.8857     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.7255     0.2061    22.9334     0.0000     4.3184     5.1325
## X1          -2.5501     0.2836    -8.9907     0.0000    -3.1104    -1.9897
## X2          -3.4806     0.2944   -11.8242     0.0000    -4.0621    -2.8991
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: character
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3723     0.1386     1.1775    12.3915     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.1961     0.1520    21.0337     0.0000     2.8959     3.4963
## X1          -0.4241     0.2092    -2.0279     0.0443    -0.8373    -0.0110
## X2          -1.0736     0.2171    -4.9460     0.0000    -1.5025    -0.6448
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: wrongness
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3528     0.1244     1.6904    10.9435     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.1176     0.1821    22.6175     0.0000     3.7580     4.4773
## X1           0.7069     0.2506     2.8209     0.0054     0.2119     1.2020
## X2           1.2089     0.2601     4.6481     0.0000     0.6951     1.7227
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: justreasons
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.6045     0.3654     1.8835    44.3405     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.8824     0.1922    14.9987     0.0000     2.5027     3.2620
## X1          -1.9350     0.2645    -7.3149     0.0000    -2.4576    -1.4124
## X2          -2.4232     0.2745    -8.8265     0.0000    -2.9655    -1.8808
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: guilt
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3302     0.1090     1.9133     9.4208     2.0000   154.0000     0.0001
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.7451     0.1937    19.3355     0.0000     3.3625     4.1277
## X1          -0.6925     0.2666    -2.5973     0.0103    -1.2192    -0.1658
## X2          -1.1941     0.2767    -4.3154     0.0000    -1.7407    -0.6475
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: abuse
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3725     0.1387     2.1929    12.4044     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.4118     0.2074    16.4535     0.0000     3.0021     3.8214
## X1          -1.4118     0.2854    -4.9462     0.0000    -1.9756    -0.8479
## X2          -0.5954     0.2962    -2.0101     0.0462    -1.1806    -0.0102
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SFC
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3097     0.0959     1.9159     8.1691     2.0000   154.0000     0.0004
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     3.1961     0.1938    16.4897     0.0000     2.8132     3.5790
## X1           1.0320     0.2668     3.8681     0.0002     0.5049     1.5590
## X2           0.8243     0.2769     2.9771     0.0034     0.2773     1.3713
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: SE
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.3189     0.1017     1.6446     8.7161     2.0000   154.0000     0.0003
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     2.5294     0.1796    14.0856     0.0000     2.1747     2.8842
## X1           0.7162     0.2472     2.8975     0.0043     0.2279     1.2045
## X2           1.0420     0.2565     4.0619     0.0001     0.5352     1.5488
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.8445     0.7132     0.5396    32.7872    11.0000   145.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##                  coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant        4.6834     0.4899     9.5595     0.0000     3.7151     5.6517
## X1             -0.1781     0.2012    -0.8853     0.3775    -0.5757     0.2195
## X2             -0.3184     0.2242    -1.4203     0.1577    -0.7615     0.1247
## surprise        0.0311     0.0399     0.7789     0.4373    -0.0478     0.1099
## sympathy       -0.1271     0.0503    -2.5275     0.0126    -0.2265    -0.0277
## character       0.1217     0.0652     1.8680     0.0638    -0.0071     0.2505
## wrongness       0.1274     0.0629     2.0246     0.0447     0.0030     0.2519
## justreasons    -0.4298     0.0637    -6.7502     0.0000    -0.5557    -0.3040
## guilt          -0.0137     0.0467    -0.2928     0.7701    -0.1060     0.0786
## abuse          -0.0553     0.0430    -1.2864     0.2004    -0.1402     0.0296
## SFC             0.0242     0.0525     0.4603     0.6460    -0.0796     0.1280
## SE              0.1713     0.0538     3.1818     0.0018     0.0649     0.2777
## 
## ************************ TOTAL EFFECT MODEL *************************** 
## Outcome Variable: blame
## 
## Model Summary: 
##            R       R-sq        MSE          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.5051     0.2551     1.3198    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## 
## Model: 
##               coeff         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## constant     4.0784     0.1609    25.3531     0.0000     3.7606     4.3962
## X1           1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2           1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## *********************************************************************** 
## Bootstrapping in progress. Please wait.
## 
## ************ TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X ON Y ************
## 
## Relative total effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1     1.3251     0.2214     5.9842     0.0000     0.8876     1.7625
## X2     1.5134     0.2298     6.5855     0.0000     1.0594     1.9674
## 
## Omnibus test of total effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.2551    26.3679     2.0000   154.0000     0.0000
## ----------
## 
## Relative direct effects of X on Y:
##        effect         se          t          p       LLCI       ULCI
## X1    -0.1781     0.2012    -0.8853     0.3775    -0.5757     0.2195
## X2    -0.3184     0.2242    -1.4203     0.1577    -0.7615     0.1247
## 
## Omnibus test of direct effect of X on Y:
##      R2-chng          F        df1        df2          p
##       0.0041     1.0302     2.0000   145.0000     0.3595
## 
## ----------
## 
## Relative indirect effects of X on Y:
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    surprise    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0738     0.0944    -0.1136     0.2640
## X2     0.0769     0.1004    -0.1172     0.2821
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0738     0.0960     0.7684     0.4422
## X2     0.0769     0.1000     0.7685     0.4422
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    sympathy    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.3241     0.1386     0.0622     0.6049
## X2     0.4424     0.1825     0.0868     0.8045
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.3241     0.1340     2.4193     0.0155
## X2     0.4424     0.1796     2.4632     0.0138
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    character    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1    -0.0516     0.0360    -0.1276     0.0150
## X2    -0.1307     0.0796    -0.2877     0.0275
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1    -0.0516     0.0400    -1.2916     0.1965
## X2    -0.1307     0.0761    -1.7170     0.0860
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    wrongness    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0901     0.0740    -0.0173     0.2659
## X2     0.1541     0.1122    -0.0329     0.4053
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0901     0.0570     1.5806     0.1140
## X2     0.1541     0.0846     1.8211     0.0686
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    justreasons    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.8317     0.1968     0.4923     1.2572
## X2     1.0415     0.1910     0.6910     1.4326
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.8317     0.1685     4.9359     0.0000
## X2     1.0415     0.1950     5.3403     0.0000
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    guilt    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0095     0.0314    -0.0567     0.0720
## X2     0.0163     0.0522    -0.0996     0.1118
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0095     0.0348     0.2718     0.7858
## X2     0.0163     0.0574     0.2847     0.7759
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    abuse    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0780     0.0629    -0.0414     0.2092
## X2     0.0329     0.0307    -0.0204     0.1012
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0780     0.0639     1.2218     0.2218
## X2     0.0329     0.0329     0.9993     0.3176
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    SFC    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.0249     0.0580    -0.0938     0.1392
## X2     0.0199     0.0486    -0.0787     0.1215
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.0249     0.0563     0.4427     0.6580
## X2     0.0199     0.0462     0.4317     0.6659
## 
## ses_origin_    ->    SE    ->    blame
## 
##        Effect     BootSE   BootLLCI   BootULCI
## X1     0.1227     0.0614     0.0215     0.2590
## X2     0.1785     0.0807     0.0405     0.3530
## 
##    Normal theory test for relative indirect effects:
##        Effect         se          Z          p
## X1     0.1227     0.0588     2.0867     0.0369
## X2     0.1785     0.0726     2.4590     0.0139
## 
## ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND ERRORS ************************ 
## 
## Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95
## 
## Number of bootstraps for percentile bootstrap confidence intervals: 10000